Bangladesh, IMF reach staff-level agreement for 3rd review of loan programmes

A staff-level agreement has been reached between the authorities of Bangladesh and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) regarding the policies required to finish the third review of the programs supported by the IMF’s Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), Extended Credit Facility (ECF), and Extended Fund Facility (EFF).

“We are pleased to announce that the IMF team reached a staff-level agreement with the Bangladesh authorities on the policies needed to complete the third review under the ECF, EFF, and RSF arrangements. The IMF’s Executive Board will consider completion of the review basedon the implementation by the authorities of prior actions,” said Chris Papageorgiou, IMF Mission Chief to Bangladesh at the end of the visit, said a press release.

From December 3–18, 2024, an IMF staff team headed by Chris Papageorgiou traveled to Dhaka to talk about financial and economic policies in relation to the third review of the IMF-supported RSF, EFF, and ECF.

According to Chris Papageorgiou, a gradual restoration to economic normalcy has been facilitated by the prompt establishment of an interim government.

“However, economic activity has slowed significantly, and inflation remains elevated. Capital outflows, particularly from the banking sector, have pressured foreign exchange reserves. Additionally, tax revenues have declined, while spending pressures have increased. These challenges are further exacerbated by stress in parts of the financial sector,” he added.

Amid significant macroeconomic challenges, he said, the authorities requested an augmentation of SDR 567.2 million (approximately US$750 million) in IMF financial support to Bangladesh under the ECF and EFF arrangements.

“This increase would bring the total financial assistance under the ECF and EFF arrangements to SDR 3,035.7 million (about US$4 billion), alongside concurrent RSF arrangements of SDR 1 billion (about US$1.3 billion). Upon completion of the third review, SDR 491.9 million (about US$645 million) will be made available, comprising SDR 325.2 million (about US$426 million) under the ECF and EFF and SDR 166.7 million (about US$219 million) under the RSF,” he added.

He said, “Real GDP growth is projected to slow to 3.8 percent in fiscal year (FY) 2025 due to output losses caused by the public uprising, floods, and tighter policies but is expected to rebound to6.7 percent in FY2026 as policies relax. Inflation is anticipated to remain around 11 percent (annual average year- on-year) in FY2025 before declining to 5 percent in FY2026, supported by tighter policies and easing supply pressures. However, the outlook remains highly uncertain, with risks skewed to the downside.”

“To address the emerging external financing gap and persistently high inflation, near-term policy tightening is crucial, Fiscal consolidation should prioritize the swift implementation of additionalrevenue measures, such as removing tax exemptions, while restraining non-essential spending. Coupled with monetary tightening, greater exchange rate flexibility and safeguarding foreign exchange reserve
buffers will strengthen the economy’s resilience to external shocks,” he added.

He said, “Bangladesh’s low tax-to-GDP ratio calls for urgent tax reforms to establish a fairer, more transparent system and sustainably increase revenue, focusing on rationalizing exemptions, improving compliance, and separating tax policy from administration. A comprehensive strategy is also needed to curb subsidy spending and address arrears in the electricity and fertilizer sectors.”

He said, “Addressing vulnerabilities in the banking sector is essential. Immediate priorities include accurately assessing non-performing loans, ensuring the effective implementation of existing regulations, and formulating a roadmap for financial sector restructuring. Key actions involve conducting an asset quality review and adopting a recovery and resolution framework aligned with global standards.
 
Simultaneously, the authorities should advance risk-based supervision, while legal reforms are needed to strengthen corporate governance and regulatory frameworks. Institutional reforms to enhance Bangladesh Bank’s independence and governance will be critical for the successful implementation of financial sector reforms.”

“Enhancing governance, along with greater transparency, is critical to improving the investment climate, attracting foreign direct investment, and diversifying exports beyond the ready-made garment sector,

“Building resilience to climate change is vital to reduce macroeconomic and fiscal vulnerabilities. Strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing spending efficiency will aid in achievingclimate goals. The government should focus on implementing climate-sensitive fiscal reforms and investing in sustainable, resilient infrastructure. Furthermore, robust management of climate-related risks will reinforce the stability of the financial sector,” he added.